The Cult Of Virginity And Virginity - 969 Words

For centuries people have made decisions or assumptions of others based solely upon what they choose to do in their respective privacies. Societal institutions ranging from schools to religious affiliations have created guidelines surrounding sexual activity that determine when and if it should be done. While the topic of virginity may be taboo for some, people fail to realize the social stigmas associated with the term in itself. In â€Å"The Cult of Virginity†, the author succeeds at illuminating the notion that virginity is a socially constructed term that invokes or revokes the morality of women. Valenti does an excellent job of challenging the societal standards regarding virginity by comparing them to her personal experiences as well as referencing the observations of other authors. Personally, I first encountered the term around the sixth grade. One of my more developed peers came to school raving about how she â€Å"lost it† and how she was now â€Å"a womanâ⠂¬ . At that naà ¯ve age I had absolutely no idea what she was talking about and immediately went home to discuss the topic with my mother. With widened eyes and a dropped jaw, my mother went into a full lecture about how that activity was reserved for only married, adult persons and should be kept â€Å"sacred† until then. Furthermore, I had to disassociate myself with that particular individual from that point onward. Granted, even though a child shouldn’t be engaging in any form of sexual activity at such a young age, fast forwardShow MoreRelatedCult Of Virginity Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of virginity has been used for thousands of years as a measure of woman’s value and worth, families giving away their daughters and being publicly ashamed if the gift was secondhand and spoiled. Considering that it was in a receiver’s best interest to purchase the unused good and the receiver was largely male, it is reasonable to conclude that virgi nity was defined and designed by those in power, male dominated institutions and societal structures. However, although intimate relationshipsRead More chronicle of a death foretold Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesnothing evil could happen when the bishop was coming to their town. Therefore they never believed all the threats that were made toward the main character, Nasr Santiago. The communal values evolve around religious events, having family honor and virginity. â€Å"Although the Church’s betrayal is many-sided, the bishop’s arrival symbolizes its failure most clearly.† (pg 195, Arnold Penuel). Everyone was concerned with his/her own forgiveness and being blessed by the bishop. Even the priest did not preventRead MoreWomen s Creative Power Within The Bible As Being Worshipped, By All Of Asia And The World1363 Words   |  6 Pagesworship occurred during the time of Jesus, as seen through Paul’s encounter involving the goddess Diana; which developed into being worshipped by all of Asia and the world, Acts 19:27. Plausibly, women developed into being conditioned to give-up their virginity and enter into the service of the goddess by consenting to the ‘sacred marriage’ initiated by the priests. Oftentimes this ritual became consummated with a device used as a phallus; either way, the women would give her creative powers to the priestsRead MoreArtemis Temple Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Ephe sus was known across the Greek world for its devotion to the goddess Artemis and for its monumental temple dedicated to her. Greek Artemis was a goddess of virginity, women’s concerns, the hunt and the underworld (1). She was also the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin of Apollo. To her dedication, The Temple of Artemis was built, which is known as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Iconic Temple of Artemis resides in the ancient city of Ephesus which is now TurkeyRead MoreThe Ethics Of Sexual Power781 Words   |  4 Pagesgoddess worship occurred during the time of Jesus, as seen through Paul’s encounter involving the goddess Diana; which developed into being worshipped by all of Asia and the world (Acts 19:27). Furthermore, women became influenced to give-up their virginity and enter into the service of the goddess by consenting to the ‘sacred marriage’ initiated by the priests. Often times this ritual occurred consummated with a de vice used as a phallus; either way, the women would give her creative powers to theRead MoreThe Gods Of The Ancient World1105 Words   |  5 Pagesidentified with various words; such as â€Å"whore(s), whoredom(s). harlot(s), pollute or polluted;† (which can mean prostitute) that encounters being mentioned frequently. The prophets of the Bible warned regarding whoring after other gods and goddesses and the cult prostitutes developed among the numerous idols the Israelites lusted after. In addition, the term ‘goddess’ takes place only five times in the text; however, there occurs various terms used to reference her high existence. The word abomination(s)Read MoreCultural Values Of Womanhood In Breath, Eyes, Memory By Edwidge Danticat1089 Words   |  5 Pagesto be personally touched by her mother. Martine tries to justify her actions/†protection† with her rape situation in the past and how they treated her as a girl.It got out of control and this is a great example: â€Å"I have heard it compared to a virginity cult, our mothers obsession with keeping us pure and chaste. My mother always listened to the echo of my urine in the toilet, for if it was too loud it meant that I had been deflowered. I learned very early in life that virgins always took smallRead MoreThe Goddesses : The Gods1159 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as â€Å"whore(s), whoredom(s), harlot(s), pollute or polluted;† (which can mean prostitute) that encounters being refe renced frequently. Intrinsically, the prophets of the Bible caution against whoring after the other gods and goddesses; whereby, the cult prostitutes developed among the numerous idols the Israelites lusted after. In addition, the term ‘goddess’ takes place only five times in the manuscript; however, there occurs various terminology used to reference her high existence. The word abomination(s)Read More Hegemonic Masculinity in American Society Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesled to the rise of gender stereotypes and the two cults of true womanhood and two spheres. According to the earlier cult, a woman was judged on four cardinal principals of purity, piety, domesticity, and submissiveness. The architects of this cult held that the power of a true woman that promised success and happiness was vested in the four virtues. The virtues of piety and purity expected women to observe religious counsel and maintain their virginity before marriage as a symbol of honor. The lossRead MoreThe Role of Women in Religion: An Investigation774 Words   |  3 Pagesones. If ones husband is opposes to the group she is encouraged to separate from him. According to them, religion comes first. Founded in 1994 by Mary Sheridan, the group operates as registered charitable organization. Critics claim the group is a cult and controlled by the influence of Mary Sheridan (Nolan, 2004). The members revere Mary Sheridan and consult her on everything. They meet five times a week and critics consider the leaders as prosperity theologians, who persuade their members to give

Essay On Environmental Hazards - 958 Words

Week 2 Discussion Judith Amang South University Significant Episodes in which an Environmental Hazard Caused Adverse Health Outcomes in Humans. Organochlorines such as DDT, PCBs, and polycyclic are the environmental hazard that caused the most adverse health outcomes. Some studies have shown that the presence of petroleum byproducts in animal will react as estrogen, therefore, these have stimulated the formation of a tumor in rats. As a result, pollutants are causing air pollution from industrial manufacturing, energy production, is causing a lot of damage in people’s health when it is inhaled. Therefore, a scientist has shown that many of these poisons deposited in the fats for a long period of time. Hence, this is very†¦show more content†¦Women are susceptible to the exposure of chemicals (Kumar 2004).due to the spread of chemicals in manufacturing, females exposed to these chemicals are likely to jeopardize their fertility. Therefore, many years ago, evidence has shown the destructive effects of women exposed to chemicals in their reproductive system and the pregnancy outcomes has revealed (Kumar, 2004). So, women exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon experienced unprompted abortion two times more than non-exposed ones. What are the steps that were taken to prevent the adverse health outcomes from occurring? Should there be any other step that was necessary to prevent the adverse health outcome? Explain. In this study, all solvent present in the work area was measured, and this experiment was executed by a hygienist team of the company. So, the organic solvent existing in the work area was performed in the breathing zone, â€Å"Air samples were collected on charcoal tubes with constant ï ¬â€šow (100 ml/min) pumps (SKC 226-01) for laboratory units and packing units† (Axelsson G, 1984). In addition, the hygienist was monitoring air constantly during working hours. Suggest the ways to prevent future occurrences of such episodes. Monitoring air constantly, and avoiding pregnant women to work in that such environment, otherwise employer must provide adequate PPE for employee protection. Is there an association betweenShow MoreRelatedFour Categories of Human Environmental Hazards Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesCategories of Human Environmental Hazards Everest Online University EVS1001-26 Environmental Science Professor Deborah Builder September 6th, 2012 The Four Categories of Human Environmental Hazards There are many exposures to hazards in our environment today that brings along the risk of an injury, different types of diseases, and even in some cases death. These hazards are called human environmental hazards. There are four categories to human environmental hazards which we will discoverRead MoreEnvironmental Science Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Fundamentals Laura Jackson Env/100 April 8, 2013 JOHN ENSWORTH Environmental Fundamentals Introduction Environmental science is defined as the study of the environment and the interconnecting systems it contains, furthermore, the way people interact with their natural surroundings and use natural resources (wise geek, 2013). Scientist in this field is highly interdisciplinary and extremely diverse, for example, a scientist might study volcanoes or climate change. This essayRead MoreOil And Gas Production And The Effect On The Environment1713 Words   |  7 Pages1989 as important commercial fishing and hunting grounds were contaminated for an extended period†. Traveler also was influenced as well. Oil and gas removal and processes have also most likely impacts on crops and the environment follow-on from environmental condition, disturbance because of formation efforts, resulted in indirect effects because of environment modification and pollution caused by spilled and exudation or dense waste removal. In the time of exploration, the environment such as housesRead MoreThe Impa ct Of Globalization On The Environment1555 Words   |  7 Pagesindustrial revolution has rapidly increased the negative changes in the Earth s environment.1 In the modern era, the processes and effects of the forces of globalisation can be seen to be exacerbating the problem of environmental decline exponentially. For the purposes of this essay, globalisation can be defined as â€Å"the increased interconnectedness and interdependance of peoples and countries†, involving â€Å"...the opening of borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people andRead MoreGenetically Modified Food : Modified Foods1165 Words   |  5 PagesPeople are concern the topic about that whether genetically modified foods is safety. It is evidently reasonable for some to believe that it hazard to human health and the environment, which should be strictly banned. However, in spite of those who are also think that it is safe and bring us a lot of benefits, which should be activel y developed. In this essay, my personal view is that I do not agree with genetically modified foods. Not only because of the destruction it caused to the ecological environmentRead MoreThe Disparities Between African American Women And European Americans1387 Words   |  6 Pagesward, 2004). The health disparities in African Americans and other racial groups are alarming. For this essay I choose to focus on the empirical facts on the disparities between African American women and European American women who are diagnosed with breast cancer and the disparity in mortality rates. Therefore many of the studies I found linked the disparity to race, poverty and environmental factors. American cancer society estimates, that in 2017 there will be 252,710 new breast cancer diagnosisRead MoreHealth Safety800 Words   |  4 Pages Answer: Yes the worker is over-exposed during the duration of their 8 hour shift. What is the primary concept of hazard recognition and the hierarchy of hazard control? Answer: The primary goal of hazard recognition is â€Å"to reduce incidents, accidents, injuries and property damage.† The primary concept of the hierarchy of hazard control is â€Å"source-path-human intervention. Of which elimination is an option if a task it too dangerous.† The specific hierarchyRead MoreVulnerability Through A Political Ecology Approach1834 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent ways. This essay aims to unpack vulnerability and what it is comprised of, namely exposure, sensitivity and resilience. This essay will briefly explain three approaches of vulnerability assessment, which are: risk/hazard, ecological resilience and political ecology/economy, and to go in depth into the political ecology/economy approach. The essay also aims to discuss a case study that uses one of these approaches and to explore how the case study uses this approach. The essay will then discussRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Sacrifice Zones By Steve Lerner1582 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough twelve separate stories of communities in the United States that have been unwillingly exposed to high levels of environmental toxicity. In each of these cases, citizens of those communities reacted to and pushed back against being exposed to toxic chemicals, sometimes successfully an d sometimes less so. In every case, the people most heavily exposed to these health hazards were minorities and low-income citizens, which, Lerner argues, is why government officials and corporate decision-makersRead MoreThe Greatest Epa Cleanup Program889 Words   |  4 PagesI read a few of the essays published by Aldo Leopold from 1998 to 2001 in a book of collective essays called For the Health of the Land. The collection is a plea from Leopold for the development of land ethic. He believes that humans have the responsibility to interact with the land in ways that promote its good being. Even though the essays were published over 50 years ago, progress in Leopold’s concept of land health has just begun. The EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) are helping by conducting

Relationship Between Private and Public Police Free Essays

Relationship between Private and Public Police G00fydad CJS/250 March 10, 2013 John Doe Relationship between Private and Public Police The police in our society carry with them a deep sense of tradition and honor that stems from generations of serving and protecting the public. This pride can, at times, lead some police to believe that they are the last line of defense with the public they serve and any other entity that appears to be encroaching on that territory should be mistrusted. This attitude does not mix well with others attempting to perform the same job function such as private security. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Private and Public Police or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thankfully this is not the consensus of all public police officers. Most public police understand that they require the assistance of the private sector and will welcome the help where it is offered. The public police also understand that that private security entities are often times the first to respond at many of the incidents that later involve the public police. It has been estimated that nearly 85 percent of the country’s critical infrastructure is protected by private security (Ohlhausen, 2004). When the private security firms handle such a large majority of the policing duties it is essential that the relationship between the private and public police forces relate well to one another and cooperate whenever possible. One of the largest issues with the relationship between the public and private police stems from the general population’s opinion. The public police are looked upon as the legitimate police force and the private security departments are looked upon with very little respect by the community at large. This can be seen at most shopping malls when someone is committing a crime. When the security officer intervenes that situation may only deescalate slightly and the participants still look upon the security officer with little respect. However, when a public police officer arrives the situation is typically handled swiftly and all parties involved take things far more serious. This image of private security officers and the relationship they hold with the public police is often exacerbated by the media in television and movies. They portray the security officers as lazy, bumbling, and not very smart. Of course these are the media’s vision of private security, but this is the general public consensus about the private security firms. This attitude and lack clear role definition of the private security field is a major roadblock in path of cooperation between the public and private sectors. According to a report issued by the Private Security Advisory Council, the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, and the U. S. Department Of Justice the major causes for the role conflict problems is a lack of mutual respect, lack of communication, lack of cooperation, lack of law enforcement’s knowledge of private security, perceived competition, lack of standards, and perceived corruption (1977). This separation of the public and private police is becoming less noticeable these days thanks to the education of both sides. The public and private police understand that they require the help and cooperation of each other. For example, with regard to public and private space, the public police must have probable cause or a warrant issued by a judge in order to search a location. The private security officer does not require any such warrant. The private security officer only needs to conduct the search within the confines of his or her allowable space, or the area in which they normally operate. For instance, a public police officer may not be allowed to come into an office building and search the office for narcotics without a warrant, but the company’s security officer is fully allowed to search the premises and turn over any evidence found. This definition between public and private space can be an advantage to public police. However, if the private security does not feel obliged to cooperate then the public police will need to work through other, longer, channels to get their job completed. This can happen if the private security feels that they would rather handle an incident of criminal activity internally and will not allow the public police to intervene in the process. The private security entities make this decision from time to time for a variety of reasons including the mistrust of the court system to fully sanction the offender and the feeling that the current court system is a â€Å"revolving door† situation. It is situations such as these that prevent our public police and private security from having a truly unifying system. According to Boston Massachusetts Transit Police Chief Joseph C. Carter, since September 11, 2001 law enforcement agencies have been under tremendous pressure to conduct their traditional crime prevention and response activities and perform an immense amount of homeland security work, in a time of tight city, county, tribal, and state budgets (2007). In a time of financial crisis for all areas of the government we must rely on the private security development and ensure that the public police and the private security entities work together to keep things safe. In order for the public police and private security to truly work together government rules and regulations need to be enacted and the private sector would have to fall under the umbrella of government oversight. The private security entities would have to answer for the actions they take, and they would have to adhere to the same rules and regulations as public police. However, if this were to happen then the entire rules of search and seizure would have to change as well as many other law enforcement policies. Once this change takes place within the government the public and private police will be able to interact with little interference and issue making the ability to deal with crimes far easier. This will have the added benefit of improving not only the image of private security in the community’s eyes, but also the relationship between public and private police agencies. While the relationship between the public and private police agencies can be strained at times, and relaxed at others the cooperation between both is very important and should be encouraged by all involved. The public image of private security must also change and the officers within the realm of private security should be afforded the same respect and courtesy that public police already experience. This new attitude by the general populace coupled with government involvement and support will only serve to improve the relationship between public and private police. References Ohlhausen, P. (2004). In T Seamon (Chair). Building private security/public policing partnerships to prevent and respond to terrorism and public disorder. National policy summit. Retrieved from http://cops. usdoj. gov/files/RIC/Publications/national_policy_summit. pdf Bilek, A. (1977, June). In A. Bilek (Chair). Law enforcement and private security sources and areas of conflict and strategies for conflict resolution. Retrieved from https://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/44783NCJRS. pdf Carter, J. (2007). Public-private partnerships: Vital resources for law enforcement. Retrieved from http://www. policechiefmagazine. org/magazine/index. cfm? fuseaction=display_archarticle_id=1257issue_id=92007 How to cite Relationship Between Private and Public Police, Essay examples

Organizational Change for Case Study of Motors-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Change for Case Study of General Motors. Answer: Introduction: This report deals with organizational change in terms of a real life case study along with analyzing the various aspects of organizational behavior in the given journal article. The main objective of the article was to highlight the impact of organizational change on the organizational behavior of an organization. These changes involve changes in the attitudes of the organizational employees in terms of resistance to changes and change management approaches. The article explains how changes took place in General Motors and the strategies involved to keep the organizational employees motivated. Organizational behavior and change: According to Khan Hashim (2014), the rapid changes in the business environment have made it mandatory for the organizations to keep themselves updated and bring the necessary changes within the organization in order to remain ahead of the competitors. The changes in the technologies especially in the automobile industry have compelled the automobile companies to bring necessary changes within the organizations. Change management is necessary for attaining sustainability in the long- run. Organizational change might include changes in the organizational culture, employees, technology, rules and regulations, human resource management, etc. It is necessary to manage these changes in an effective manner such that the changes turn out to be beneficial for the organization. On the contrary, Cameron (2015) stated that organizational changes are very difficult to implement as they face several types of resistances. It is necessary to study the organizational behavior before initiating any change. Organizational behavior is the study of the interaction between the human behavior and the organization. The major type of resistance is in the form of employee resistance. The employees of an organization are usually never in favor of changes. The changes brought within an organization directly affect the employees of an organization. For instance, change in the form of a new technology might make the employees fear that the technology might replace them and the organization might no longer want them. Therefore, implementing change within an organization might create disturbances within an organization. On the other hand, according to Anderson (2016), the management of an organization must motivate the employees to favor the changes in order to implement the changes within the organization without creating any disturbances. It is necessary to change the attitudes of the employees and make them understand the benefits they would derive from the implementation of the changes. Resistance to changes and overcoming them: According to Pinder (2014), employees resist changes as a result of several factors such as habit, security, fear and economical factors. Resistance is the reaction obtained from the organizational members when a change is proposed. Therefore, he suggested that an organization must implement a change fairly. It is necessary to choose the organizational employees, who would welcome the change and those who would resist the change. It is the responsibility of the management of an organization to properly communicate with the employees and explain them the benefits of the change. It is necessary to ensure participation of all the organizational members in order to implement a change within an organization. It is also necessary to involve the organizational members in the decision-making process in order to keep them motivated. On the contrary, Miner (2015) mentioned that following the Lewins three step change model is necessary to ensure the success of a change implementation. It is necessary to prepare the employees before the implementation of a change in order to ensure that they feel comfortable both before and after the implementation of the change. This process involves unfreezing, implementing the change and refreezing. On the other hand, Greenberg (2013) stated that it is necessary to study the perceptions and attitudes of the organizational members to know their attitude towards the change. There are always possibilities that individuals might have perception errors. Perception is a series of psychological steps that enable a person to interpret a information or situation. Change management at General Motors: General Motors is an American automobile manufacturing company which was found in the year 1908. The company runs its business in six continents covering more than 396 locations. The company was once the largest automobile manufacturing company in the world but after the emergence of Toyota, the company fell into back foot. According to DuBrin (2013), there were several internal factors that required a drastic change in order to remain ahead of the competitors. On such issue was the high wages paid to the employees at General Motors as compared to Toyota, which ultimately increased the expenses of the organization. The company was compelled to carry out its activities with more than 80% capacity even when it was not required. All these internal factors led to the downfall of the organization. On the contrary, Wagner III Hollenbeck (2014) mentioned that the major change required within the organization was cost- cutting. However, this change is never accepted by the employees of an organization as it would involve lowering their wages or salaries. Despite the resistances, the organization cut the pay of the organizational employees, which led to dissatisfaction and demotivation among the employees. Another massive change required was the cultural change. The organization brought several changes in the structure of the organization and in the management team. This change was initiated to improve the speed of decision- making process. On the other hand, according to Luthans, Luthans Luthans (2015), several issues aroused due to the changes in the wages and the organizational culture. The top- down approach followed by the organization did not consider the involvement of the employees in the decision- making processes. This made the employees feel dissatisfaction and ultimately led to job dissatisfaction. The cost- cutting strategy and the top- down view approach of the management had several negative impacts on the organization. The lowered wages and the cut in the number of employees created dissatisfaction among the employees. The employees became conscious of their job security and lower wages. The emergence of other automobile companies such as Toyota became a huge threat for the organization as Toyota had maintained a strong organizational culture and had been successful in keeping the employees satisfied. This became a tough challenge for General Motors and the company started suffering huge losses. Maslow needs hierarchy theory: This theory of motivation states that there are five basic needs of a man. The first need is the physiological needs. This involves necessities such as food, water and shelter. The next level comprises of safety need, which involves financial security and health security. The next level involves feeling of belongingness, wherein a person develops a feeling of being loved. After the satisfaction of all the lower needs, arises the need of esteem. In this stage, a person develops needs of being respected by others. The last stage comprises of self- actualization needs wherein the need of achieving everything a person can possibly achieve rises (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). Conclusion: General Motors faced severe competition from Toyota and suffered huge losses in the past. However, the company was able to improve its position by studying and implementing organizational behavior theories. The company has been able to improve its working conditions and has also been able to keep its employees satisfied. Change management is necessary for attaining sustainability in the long- run. It is necessary to manage these changes in an effective manner such that the changes turn out to be beneficial for the organization. However, the company is required to study the perceptions and attitudes of the organizational members while initiating any change within the organization. Motivated employees are an asset to an organization and help in enhancing the productivity of an organization. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the organizational members well- informed about the organizational changes and keep them motivated so that the changes are implemented successfully. References: Anderson, D. L. (2016).Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Greenberg, J. (Ed.). (2013).Organizational behavior: The state of the science. Routledge. Khan, M. A., Hashim, M. (2014). Organizational Change: Case Study of General Motors. Luthans, F., Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W. (2015).Organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. IAP. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Prejudice In Literature Essays - Guggenheim Fellows,

Prejudice In Literature Toni Morrison's, The Bluest Eye, Alice Walker's , The Color Purple , and Richard Wright's autobiography , Black Boy , all represent prejudicy . The preceding novels show the characters were typical victims, not understading the division of power amongst races. The Bluest Eye , a heart breaking story of a little back girl living in Lorain, Ohio during the 1930's, manifest the longing of Pecola Breedlove's obsession for love. In order to achieve love she would have to deny herself of her true identity and surrender to what is thought to be beautiful and superior: little white girls "gifted" with blond hair and blue eyes. The novel procalaims the nation's love for little white girls. Sadly, Pecola wishes every night to abolish her ugliness: her blackness. If she could only become "beautiful" she would be loved , rather then become the subject of hatred ranging fom people like her mother tro her teachers to her classmates. Recounting the story of a black girl's hardship's in the world of prejudice, Alice Walker's , The Color Purple presents a moving story of love, ill-treatment, and growth. Celie, the main character, advances toward inner growth changing from a abused and submissive wife to an independent and confident black women. The story is written in Celie's journal addressed to God. This is because the only person she thinks she can trust is God I with her secrets. From Celie's journal the reader finds out about other characters in the novel such as Alfonso, Mr._____, Shug, Nettie, and Harpo. The theme of the novel is straightforward and simple. Like many of the other novels devoted to the mistreatment of blacks and black women especially. Much of the novel reflect points in the authors life. The novel is derived from Alice Walker's own personal experience, growing up in the rural south as an abused and uneducated child. Black Boy is an autobiography about Richard Wright. He was born in the rural Mississippi, the grandson of slaves. Richard Wright overcame every social obstacle including poverty, racism and limited education to achieve the regonition as the creator of America's most powerful literature. Black Boy, Richard Wright's autobiography, covers his childhood and early adulthood. It opens with four-year-old Richard's rebellion against authority. In order to occupy his time Richard accidently burns down his grandfathers house. "My idea was growing. Now I was wondering how the long fluffy curatians would look if I held the burning straws under them( pg 11)." All throughout the entire novel Richard has some type of hunger. His hunger gets him into trouble. At the time, Richard was and resentful of his mother's command of silence. After his mother determined that he was unharmed, she beat him so badly that he lost consciousness. When Richard and his brother were very young, Nathan Wright, their father, a sharecropper , abandoned the family, plunging them into poverty. Richard's constant hunger made him extremely bitter toward his father. Over the next few years, Ella, Richard's mother, would desperately attempt to feed, clothe, and shelter her children. Her long hours of work often meant leaving her children with little supervision. When Richard was six years old, he began begging drinks in a nearby saloon where the customers plied him with nickels if he would repeat various curse words and offensive phrases. When beatings didn't work helpfully with his growing obsession with alcohol, Ella engaged the babysitting services of an older black woman in the neighborhood who watched every move. Ella moved in with her sister, Maggie, and Maggie's husband, Silas Hoskins. Hoskins was the owner of a successful saloon, so there was always more than enough food to eat. Nevertheless, Richard was unable to lose the fear that his hunger would return anew, so he hoarded food all over the house. Unfortunately, the newly found stableness was not destined to last. The local whites were jealous of Hoskins's profitable business, so they murdered him and threatened to kill the rest of his family. Maggie and Ella fled with the two boys to live in another town. Maggie and Ella's combined wages proved adequate to feed and clothe Richard and his brother, but Maggie became involved with "Professor" Matthews, a wanted man. Matthews, being a wanted man gave the children valued things and a puppy.Shortly after Richard desired to sell the dog for money to sooth his hunger. The lady only having 97 cents was denied new ownership of the puppy. A week later the dog was run over and killed. Ella and the children fled to

Methods of Execution essays

Methods of Execution essays Methods of Execution One man's taking of another's life is generally seen as an unforgivable act which is punishable with death. When this is done as punishment however, it is seen as an honorary deed by removing this criminal from the world and making it a much safer place to live. With executions in mind, it is incredible what ingenious methods can be thought of by the human brain and the fact that the idea is centered around the murdering of one man does not even change how prodigious these innovations are seen to be. Many different techniques and procedures for execution are used throughout the world revealing much about a country's culture and their concern for their citizens. By far one of the most well known and publicly glamorized of all methods of execution is electrocution. Present in nine American states, it was first used in New York in 1890. When a condemned man is scheduled to be executed, he is led into the death chamber and strapped to the point of immobility into a reinforced chair with belts crossing his chest, groin, legs, and arms. Two copper electrodes, dipped in brine or treated with Eletro-Creme to increase conductivity, are attached to him, one to his leg and the other to his head. The first jolt, between five-hundred and two-thousand volts depending on the size of the prisoner, is given for 30 seconds. Smoke will begin to come out of the prisoner's leg and head and these areas may catch fire if the victim has been sweating profusely. A doctor will examine him and if he still shows life signs, more jolts of two-thousand volts are administered to finish the job (Matthews). A main reason for electrocution's original use was the thought that death was immediate. Unfortunately this is not the case. Doctors today believe that the victim feels "himself begin burned to death and suffocating since the shock cause respiratory paralysis as well as cardiac arrest. Because the energy of the shock paralyzes the muscles, he...

Assignment 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assignment 10 - Essay Example The users feel the sense of owning the products since their emotional attachment is taken into consideration. According to Norman, positive reception of nature induces affirmative response from the public as love for nature is considered preponderance in product design. Norman argues that the beauty of nature brings delight in people thus greatly changing their moods. Closer observation of nature harmonizes an individual’s emotion (Norman 2004). Visceral or aesthetical appreciation should not be separated due to their importance in people’s lives. Beauty and excellence is very important as it strengthens the sense of belonging. There is therefore a great need of appreciating attractiveness and brilliance in products. Attachment of nature’s gorgeousness in designing products for the most part creates a center of attention. Most people, especially women are profoundly attracted to the beauty. Inclusion of beauty and excellence in designing products intensely touche s women’s emotions thus providing an excellent rationale for buying the magnificently designed products. I very much think that addition of exciting connection in products forms a key base in product design. ... I significantly agree with Don Norman’s scheme as it boosts the products’ attractiveness (Norman 2004). . Occasionally, nearly all product firms have a roll of prerequisite to meet up, and, further characteristically, they have a number of aspects to extend. Scheming and mounting to requisite and quality lists guides to not up to scratch occurrence, for the reason that an individual is no longer oriented to the perception of the customer. While making judgment on designation, anxiety for characteristics, facts, and expertise trumps customer service. This is in large since the experimental part of the design is not taken into consideration. By starting with an idea of making something, there is an automatic way in which someone unnaturally confines what he can possibly deliver. Scores of archetypes’ progressive product designers accomplish something overtly for the reason that they do not devise products. Products are regarded as necessary work of art to take in h and purchaser requirements. Critical link between the designer and the user of the products is very necessary in the modern globalization because it makes businesses gain competitive advantage thus increasing their profits and boosting the businesses that had earlier failed. Moreover, past experiences need to be appreciated, embraced, and positive action taken to shape them in order to fit the acceptable and user-friendly target. Ways in which persuasion is used differs greatly and helps in attracting people in using products. Persuasion involves personal character of the individual speaker, positioning the addressees into a definite frame of mind and confirmation. The listeners may also influence people into believing in some

Apply the approach used by Lewis and Goldin in measuring the cost of Essay

Apply the approach used by Lewis and Goldin in measuring the cost of the U.S. Civil War to evaluate the cost of some other war. In this you could deal with more a contemporary conflict - Essay Example The cost of the Civil War was measured by estimating two types of war cost that include the direct and indirect cost. The direct estimation involves the computation of the total actual expenses incurred by both sides. The indirect estimation alone could not be used to give an accurate cost of the war. Lewis and Goldin also used indirect estimation in order to overshadow the limitations of direct estimation. By using the indirect estimation, they assumed that the country would still incur some expenses in the absence of the war. The difference between the consumption stream in the absence of the war and the actual expenses is the indirect cost. The direct cost of the war to the north as estimated by Lewis and Goldin was 3,365,846 dollars (Lewis & Goldin 308), while the total indirect cost in this region for the natives was 49,950 dollars (Lewis & Goldin 317). Since the historical times, the US has been actively participating in the fight against terrorists. The contemporary US acts of war on terror include the US war in Afghanistan and Iraq. The US has been sending its troop to fight in Afghanistan and Iraq in order to eliminate terrorism. This is among the country’s strategy to end terrorism in other countries before the US is affected. The cost of this war could be computed using Lewis and Goldin method. It means that the both direct and indirect costs of the war on terror have to be calculated for the past decade. The direct costs would include the total government expenditure on the war. The indirect cost would be the cost incurred by the citizens because of the war on terror. According to researches, the direct cost of war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq was about 4 trillion dollars (DeGraw 1). The total indirect cost includes the interest on the money was 1 trillion, the medical costs of the veteran which was 32 billion, t he foreign aid of about 74 billion dollars, pentagon spending of about 652 billion, security spending of about 401

Exploring Inferential Statistics and Their Discontents Essay

Exploring Inferential Statistics and Their Discontents - Essay Example fers to a linear model applied in statistical analysis; it is used in testing hypotheses, factor in estimates, known quantities and other sources of errors in statistical experiments. Thus, GLM matters since it is used in quantifying the relationship between a number of predictor variables and a dependent variable. Parametric methods or statistics refer to those methods that assume normality of a population or used after approximation by normal distribution immediately after invoking CLT (central limit theorem). On the other hand, non-parametric methods refer to general statistical techniques that do not make assumptions about normality of a population under study. In addition, these methods do not depend on the population which is being studied. Thus, they can also be referred to as distribution free methods. Compared to parametric methods, non-parametric methods are becoming more popular because statisticians or researchers are not supposed to be constrained to make assumptions on the population under study. Therefore, to compare the two methods, we consider a case of finding confidence interval on the mean. Both methods are required for this type of problem since parametric methods are deemed to be more efficient than non-parametric methods. However, difference in efficiency may not be a bi g issue but we need to decide on a method that is more efficient depending on the problem in question (Sheskin, 2000). It is crucial to pay attention to assumptions of statistical tests since a number of incorrect background assumptions will definitely result to inaccurate conclusions about a population being studied. Thus, such assumptions must be made with a lot of care. For cases of dependent variable scores that are not normally distributed, they can be transformed and use the alternative statistical of non-parametric methods in order to make equal weights on the variables. P=0.05 in statistics means the 5% probability of obtaining appropriate results from a given

Pressure Groups Necessarily Harm Democracy

Pressure Groups Necessarily Harm Democracy Pressure groups are voluntary organisations formed to advance or defend a common cause or interest. They do not strive to take office or to govern; they simply seek to express their ideas in an organised manner. There are several ways in which they try to raise awareness: from passing information to passing letters of protest, from having informal consultations to staging popular demonstrations.  [2]  Pressure groups are very diverse in terms of their agenda, what type of agenda do they actually have? Who do they seek to influence? Do they have a broad agenda? Also, their size membership is another factor which sets them apart, this portrays how successful they actually are, the bigger the pressure group the more influence they will have. Finance is another aspect which shows the mixture of pressure groups. How do they get their money? This helps determine whether a pressure group is politicised or not. Moreover, there are different types of pressure groups which completely set them apart from one another. First of all, you have sectional pressure groups; they represent a particular section of the society. They have leverage with trade unions or political parties. They go more along the corporate lever as they are considerably politicised. Cause or promotional pressure groups are ones that seek to promote the beliefs, ideas and values in which their supporters believe, but these are not ideas which are of benefit to their membership, other than in a most general sense.  [3]  They tend to put forward ideological causes to support, theyre less entrenched. You also have oppositional pressure groups that tend to oppose government policy, such as the student protests or any other protest groups. Oppositional pressure groups are likely to be more permanent. Informative pressure groups are ones that provide and gather information to make people informed about particular issued. Lastly, you have the commentator pressure groups; respected and authoritative commentators on particular areas of policy.  [4]  Theyre formed by people who have knowledge, tend to affect the government a lot as theyre institutions and academies. Similarly, youve got social movements. Pressure groups can become or be a part of a social movement; however a social movement is much broader. For example, the Greek strikes; at first it was just a protest, but once it was broadly accepted, so broadly that it then became a movement. Another distinctive example is the labour movement in the 70s. Social movements do not seek office in theory, however their goal is to influence policy, influence economic agendas or to strongly campaign or lobby for an issue. Furthermore, pressure groups can be an advantage to democracy as it introduces a form of toleration which enables us to achieve reciprocity. It exposes us to ideas that we do not necessarily agree with. Pressure groups bring forth ideas and changes which is not the norm, this enhances the idea of pluralism; it allows them to express their ideas and allow diversity, it secures independence from the community. Also, pressure groups allow power to be dispersed. For example, in the UK you have got two very powerful parties; pressure groups help to disperse their powers. Lastly, pressure groups boost participation within the democratic system. They increase participation in the democratic process on a variety of different levels. However, pressure groups can also be a bad thing for democracy. Politicization is the main argument against groups fostering democracy. Is it really okay to put forward democratic policies through an undemocratic way? It seems as if theyre sort of cartels of inte rest, a bunch of privileged groups that just benefit. Also, it burns the bridges because pressure groups seem to undermine the mandate of elections. People do not vote for a group but for a party. Elections should be clear cut. Additionally, too much division creates instability. Society has a collective goal, so if you have got individual members creating different groups, this then undermines the collective goal. Too many decision makers make it difficult to come to an overall agreement. Going back to the rational choice theory, people will act in a way to maximise their profit. They seek to promote their own self-interest. So, even though your best option is to share, you are not going to because you might lose it all. The resource mobilization model theory suggests that the entrepreneurial-organizational variant of this approach even allows for the possibility that grievances and discontent may be defined created and manipulated by political entrepreneurs and organizations.  [5]   As Mancur Olsen explains, Collective action is individually irrational. Individuals promote self-interest, not the groups interest. It is all about self-interest for the organisations, as explained by the game theory and prisoners dilemma. This suggests that collective action problems mean that pressure groups can harm democracy. As they only have their own interest, if they benefit from it, that is all what matters even if it puts others at a disadvantage. For example, $4 million lobbying campaign a football team put together seeking taxpayer spending for a football stadium to a mere $20,000 that opponents of the spending were able to raise.  [6]  ,The few who will benefit from the transfer have an easy time organizing to lobby for it, while a group as diverse and dispersed as taxpayers face what Mancur Olson called a collective action problem.  [7]  This creates instability and unfairness within the democratic process because it leads to a group being more powerful than the other because of the unequal distribution of money and resources. So the minority, a certain part of the population can have an unequal influence against the majority which creates unfairness and undermines democracy this is considered to be a collective action problems because powerful insider groups can use their insider status and power to go and pursue their own personal cause. For example, There is a danger that ministers may be prepared to accept too uncritically the advice of powerful interest groups. They may accede to the requests of those groups that can afford to present their case most effectively, even if there are substantial objections to what they propose.  [8]   On the other hand, collective action problems dont necessarily mean that pressure groups can harm democracy. As there are a variety of cases where pressure groups have actually enhanced democracy and have not resulted into any collective action problems. For example, it allows individuals to associate with one another and proclaim their views, essential rights in any democracy.  [9]  Pressure groups provide a safety valve enabling any person with a grievance to feel that he or she is able to vent their disenchantment.  [10]  This allows minorities who feel ignored to speak out and be heard. Such as, Fathers for Justice which is a pressure group that seeks for fathers rights. Another reason why pressure groups enhance democracy and do not harm it is because they limit government, groups check government power and, in the process, defend rights and freedom.  [11]  These functions are just a few of many that show pressure groups do actually enhance democracy rather than harm it. However, it is not only collective action problems that mean pressure groups harm democracy. Pressure groups have other issues which directly affect democracy. For instance, it creates political inequality. Pressure groups tend to empower the already powerful. They therefore increase rather than reduce, political inequality. This has a negative effect on democracy itself as it contradicts the whole concept of democracy and it allows those who have access to resources to impact decisions. Even though there are many factors which lead to the fact that collective action problems do mean that pressure groups harm democracy. It is not always the case, as there are also various other reasons which lead to pressure groups affecting democracy in a bad way, such as the ones I mentioned before. Nonetheless, there are also a variety of cases that suggests pressure groups enhance democracy on countless levels. It really depends on the pressure group itself and its aims, what audience its trying to reach and what it is actually trying to achieve. If theyre politicised and have a huge influence on decision making or if they just seek to promote ideological beliefs and are less entrenched. Therefore, collective action problems are just a part of a wider range of factors which result from self-interested pressure groups that are in it for their own benefits, which results into the destruction of democracy. Nevertheless, this is not necessarily always the case as pressure groups do t end to bring about positivity to democracy. In conclusion, it all depends on a pressure groups agenda, and what their intentions are.

Free Essay - Roller Coaster of Emotions in Kate Chopins Story of an Hour :: Story Hour essays

A Roller Coaster of Emotions in A Story of An Hour      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the short story â€Å"A Story of An Hour† by Kate Chopin, the whole range of emotions are felt by the main charter Louise Mallard.   Upon learning of her husband's death she is immediately overcome by sadness.   However, once she is alone she allows herself to experience her feelings of joy at the prospect of being free from â€Å"repression."   She is no more able to staff off the feeling that was approaching her than trying to stop the waves from hitting the shore. Basically stated we are powerless over our feelings.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, one can state that no matter how hard we try we can not keep a feeling from coming over us.   Louises' feelings come from deep within her soul. Physical exhaustion followed her first storm of grief.   At first she did not know what was coming to her.   She could not even give it a name.   When she started to recognize it, she was trying to beat it back with sheer will power. Only to find that will power is no match for the total encompassing of feelings. Once she had abandoned herself the word â€Å"free† had escaped from her lips.   She did not deliberately want it but it had come anyway.   Unmistakably, a joy over took her.   Not that she would not be sad again, but for now she was like a bird let out of the cage.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mrs. Mallard was a good example of Shakespeare's line â€Å"To Thine own self be true."   She did not allow guilt to rear it's ugly head but instead just felt her feelings.   She allowed no one to witness her self assertion.   But, it was the strongest impulse of her being.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As she was projecting spring and summer days to come, a feeling that her life would be her own again gave her a contentment that she had not felt in a long time.   No one actually knew what Mrs. Mallard had experienced behind her closed door.   Although, the human heart was meant to deal with that much pain, joy and disappointment in one day never mind one hour.   To her sister (Josephine) it would appear that she died of joy when she saw her spouse was not dead.   The truth was buried with Louise.   Tragically, what seemed to be great